Free Essays on Young Marrige Equals Divorce

Issue/Solution Paper Youthful Marrige Equals Divorce America is by and by in a period where individuals sue others for rediculous reasons, find obsurd motivations to go to court, and the greatest court upset is separate. Separation is getting more typical in today’s world than any time in recent memory and is either parting homes or demolishing individuals financially. It is by a long shot probably the most concerning issue in our nation in the cutting edge period. Numerous individuals in today’s society wed at a youthful age. They will in general do this on the grounds that it is possible that they were secondary school darlings or they have had a kid together. In doing as such, there is an exceptionally high separation rate for individuals younger than 25 years of age in the United States. â€Å"40-half is a number projection for more youthful people wedding for the first time† (divorcereform.org). Individuals younger than 25 are said to have a separation pace of about 45% as indicated by the U.S. Enumeration Beaurea in the year 2002. â€Å"Approximately 31% of companions and colleagues, matured 35 to 54, who are hitched, connected with, or cohabitating have just been already divorced† (divorcereform.org). This satement shows that around 33% of Americans separate at an early age and remarry when they are progressively developed. Measurements additionally show that on the off chance that two individuals have been hitched f or progressively, at that point 15 years, the odds of separation are probably nothing, about 3%. A youthful couple wedding just because today has a lifetime separate from danger of 40%, another measurement indicating that there is an absence of development in youthful couples who wed early. Numerous couples wed at a youthful age just for the explanation of having a child either unintentionally or maybe not knowing the results and monetary battle they will persevere. The administration right currently doesn't have an answer for the high separation rate that is contaminating America. Since individuals at a youthful age are juvenile and have not encountered the world absolutely, treachery is a major factor in various separations. Economi... Free Essays on Young Marrige Equals Divorce Free Essays on Young Marrige Equals Divorce Issue/Solution Paper Youthful Marrige Equals Divorce America is by and by in a period where individuals sue others for rediculous reasons, find obsurd motivations to go to court, and the greatest court unrest is separate. Separation is getting more typical in today’s world than any other time in recent memory and is either parting homes or destroying individuals financially. It is by a wide margin probably the most serious issue in our nation in the cutting edge time. Numerous individuals in today’s society wed at a youthful age. They will in general do this on the grounds that it is possible that they were secondary school darlings or they have had a kid together. In doing as such, there is an exceptionally high separation rate for individuals younger than 25 years of age in the United States. â€Å"40-half is a number projection for more youthful people wedding for the first time† (divorcereform.org). Individuals younger than 25 are said to have a separation pace of about 45% as indicated by the U.S. Statistics Beaurea in the year 2002. â€Å"Approximately 31% of companions and colleagues, matured 35 to 54, who are hitched, drawn in, or cohabitating have just been beforehand divorced† (divorcereform.org). This satement shows that around 33% of Americans separate at an early age and remarry when they are progressively experienced. Insights likewise show that in the event that two individuals have been hitched for progressivel y, at that point 15 years, the odds of separation are probably nothing, about 3%. A youthful couple wedding just because today has a lifetime separate from danger of 40%, another measurement demonstrating that there is an absence of development in youthful couples who wed early. Numerous couples wed at a youthful age essentially for the explanation of having an infant either accidentally or maybe not knowing the results and financial battle they will persevere. The administration right presently doesn't have an answer for the high separation rate that is tainting America. Since individuals at a youthful age are juvenile and have not encountered the world absolutely, disloyalty is a major factor in various separations. Economi...

Sexualization of Little Girls in the Media

Does the Media Sexualize Little Girls? A wide range of articles and expositions go through measurements to back their cases however you is to state on the off chance that they are precise or not? In â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect† by Stephanie Hanes and â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† by Skip Hollandsworth they go through various insights to back their cases that the media is sexualizing young ladies and that it is an issue for themselves and society.Even however they stun you with their upsetting measurements you wouldn’t know whether they were right without some further research. The measurement that I decided to inquire about in â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect† by Stephanie Hanes was that, â€Å"The promoting bunch NPD Fashionworld announced in 2003 that more than $1. 6 million is spent every year on strap clothing for 7-to 12-year-olds. † What I discovered left me befuddled yet didnâ€℠¢t fundamentally demonstrate the measurement wrong.When I explored the measurement the main spots I could discover this measurement were on sites or websites utilizing from measurement â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect. † NPD Fashionworld may have done the exploration to back up their cases yet I was unable to locate some other organizations or analysts doing likewise examine. I would state that the examination isn't entirely solid on account of one significant thing; there are no different arrangements of information to think about it to.The measurement that I browsed â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† by Skip Hollandsworth was that, â€Å"A little investigation distributed in Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, that included 22 ladies, half of whom had taken an interest in youngster magnificence events, presumed that there were â€Å"no noteworthy differences† between the two gatherings on proportions of bulimia, bod y discernment, gloom, and confidence. In any case, it found that the previous magnificence event young ladies scored fundamentally higher on â€Å"body disappointment, relational doubt, and motivation dysregulation [an capacity to oppose performing activities that would be destructive to themselves or others]. This measurement shows that ladies who partook in exhibitions as little youngsters were not influenced medicinally more than ladies who didn't however they suffered a few impacts that aren’t fundamentally compromising. At the point when I explored this measurement and this examination I found that there are not very numerous investigations regarding this matter. At the point when I looked into the impacts of magnificence expos on ladies on the off chance that they contended as young ladies I found that there were a ton of sites and sites calling attention to singular cases or little gatherings. I find that this measurement isn't tenable on the grounds that the gatherin g tried is too small.Only 22 ladies were tried which is a reason for concern. You can not get all the proof you need from 22 individuals to make a solid case. Another motivation behind why I feel that this measurement isn't solid is the way that there hasn’t been any significant investigations on the issue. There have been numerous little investigations like the one referenced in the measurement however none giving any generous proof. Articles like â€Å"Little Girls or Little Women? The Disney Princess Effect† by Stephanie Hanes and â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† by Skip Hollandsworth give numerous insights to attempt to stun you.They are viable from the start however once you investigate them somewhat more you start to fell a little cynic. A considerable lot of the insights utilized are compelling however not in the reality of giving hard proof. A considerable lot of the measurements utilized were either found by little investigations or there had just been one exa mination performed on the issue which doesn't give enough confirmation. Insights are an incredible method to offer help for you asserts however it requires the peruser to a little research in the event that they truly need to know without a doubt.

Safety Concerns and Side Effects of Chantix

Safety Concerns and Side Effects of Chantix Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Safety Concerns and Side Effects of Chantix By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on October 17, 2014 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on September 29, 2019 BSIP / UIG / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Chantix is a smoking cessation medication. In the years since its introduction, a number of serious concerns about  side effects that involve changes in mood and behavior have surfaced. Common Side Effects of Chantix Typical Chantix side effects include: Nausea (30%)VomitingConstipationGasDisruptions in dream patterns People who report this set of symptoms often feel that the advantages outweigh the discomforts associated with Chantix. Less Common, Serious Side Effects of Chantix Chantix works by altering brain chemistry, and as such, carries a set of risk factors that involve changes in mood and behavior. If you have been diagnosed with depression or any other mental health condition, it is very important to carefully review, with the help of your doctor, whether Chantix is a good fit for you. Safety information from the Chantix website: Some people have had changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts or actions while using CHANTIX to help them quit smoking. Some people had these symptoms when they began taking CHANTIX, and others developed them after several weeks of treatment or after stopping CHANTIX. If you, your family, or caregiver notice agitation, hostility, depression, or changes in behavior, thinking, or mood that are not typical for you, or you develop suicidal thoughts or actions, anxiety, panic, aggression, anger, mania, abnormal sensations, hallucinations, paranoia, or confusion, stop taking CHANTIX and call your doctor right away. Also tell your doctor about any history of depression or other mental health problems before taking CHANTIX, as these symptoms may worsen while taking CHANTIX. In May of 2008, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) banned pilots and air traffic controllers from using this drug while on the job. On July 1, 2009, the FDA mandated that the manufacturers of Chantix, Zyban, and Wellbutrin carry a new Boxed Warning on product labels that inform health care providers and the public of the potential risks associated with the use of these drugs. Zyban (bupropion hydrochloride) is a non-nicotine prescription quit aid similar to Chantix. Wellbutrin is bupropion that is marketed as an anti-depressant. The FDA issued a public health advisory as well: People who are taking Chantix or Zyban and experience any serious and unusual changes in mood or behavior or who feel like hurting themselves or someone else should stop taking the medicine and call their healthcare professional right away. Friends or family members who notice these changes in behavior in someone who is taking Chantix or Zyban for smoking cessation should tell the person their concerns and recommend that he or she stop taking the drug and call a health care professional right away. On June 16, 2011, the FDA issued a public health advisory about a possible increase in the risk of certain cardiovascular events for people with pre-existing heart disease using Chantix. In light of the potentially serious side effects of Chantix, one might ask whether this form of drug therapy is appropriate for anyone to use. Seizures Some people have experienced  seizures, usually during  the first month of Chantix therapy.  If this happens to you, stop using Chantix and get in touch with your doctor immediately. Allergic Reactions Chantix may cause an allergic reaction in some people that can sometimes be life-threatening. Allergic reactions can include: skin rash /rednesspeeling of the skinswelling of the face, mouth, throatblisters on the inside of the mouth While rare, if any of the  reactions above happen to you, stop taking Chantix and get medical attention immediately. The Bottom Line Both Chantix and Zyban are in a class of quit aids that alter brain chemistry, and that has the potential to cause serious side effects for some people. This is why they are prescription medicines.  You should have a doctor involved in your care if youre using one of these medications. That said, the fact that Chantix and Zyban are still on the market speaks to the good that these quit aids are doing. With a person dying a tobacco-related death every 8 seconds somewhere in the world, day in and day out, 365 days a year, we can safely say that tobacco use is the grand-daddy of all risks that smokers should be concerned with. Tobacco is a vicious killer in sheeps clothing and is directly responsible for upwards of 5 million deaths worldwide each year. If current trends continue unchanged, estimates put death by tobacco at 8 million annually by 2030. If you happen to be in the group of people who should not use Chantix or Zyban, there are many other products available to help you quit smoking. The absolute best quit aid and one that is a mandatory ingredient for long-term success with smoking cessation is your determination to quit smoking. With it, any quit aid of your choosing will work. Without it, none will. The quit-smoking toolbox gives you links to information and the support necessary to build a solid quit smoking program for yourself. You can quit smoking. Believe in yourself and the sky is the limit.

Essay about Platos The Allegory of the Cave - 818 Words

Platos The Allegory of the Cave In Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave,† he suggests that there are two different forms of vision, a â€Å"mind’s eye† and a â€Å"bodily eye.† The â€Å"bodily eye† is a metaphor for the senses. While inside the cave, the prisoners function only with this eye. The â€Å"mind’s eye† is a higher level of thinking, and is mobilized only when the prisoner is released into the outside world. This eye does not exist within the cave; it only exists in the real, perfect world. The â€Å"bodily eye† relies on sensory perceptions about the world in order to determine what is reality. Metaphorically speaking, the cave is a physical world filled with imperfect images. This world is filled with distorted images about reality. Inside†¦show more content†¦There is a concrete difference between the two eyes discussed by Plato. The â€Å"bodily eye† lives in the distorted world of sense perceptions; the imperfect world which people experience with their physical senses. In the cave, there were â€Å"men passing along the wall carrying all sorts of vessels, and statues and figures of animals made of wood and stone and various materials† (278). The shadows of these objects were considered reality to the prisoners, but in actual fact they were just distorted images. The â€Å"mind’s eye† sees in the perfect world, a spiritual realm. It sees beyond the world of sensory perception. Perfect reality is described when the prisoner comes into the light and sees the â€Å"light of the moon and the stars and the spangled heaven.† These moons and stars make up the real world that only the â€Å"mind’s eye† is able to see. By using the same word, â€Å"eye,† to refer to both, Plato is suggesting that there is a connection between the two. Both eyes are used to perceive what is supposed to be reality, but the two see completely different worlds. For instance, inside the cave the prisoner uses his â€Å"bodily eye† to see the world of shadow â€Å"puppets†. He truly believes that these shadows are complete reality because his â€Å"bodily eye† tells him so. When he is released from the cave, he uses his â€Å"mind’s eye† to see the sun, moon, stars, and water. It is then that he realizes that these objects are true reality. The â€Å"bodily eye† sees the imperfect world, andShow MoreRelatedPlatos Allegory of the Cave1521 Words   |  7 PagesPlato’s Allegory of the Cave Essay One of Plato’s more famous writings, The Allegory of the Cave, Plato outlines the story of a man who breaks free of his constraints and comes to learn of new ideas and levels of thought that exist outside of the human level of thinking. However, after having learned so many new concepts, he returns to his fellow beings and attempts to reveal his findings but is rejected and threatened with death. This dialogue is an apparent reference to his teacher’s theoriesRead MorePlatos Allegory of The Cave752 Words   |  3 Pagesinterpreting Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave’’ in which is a representation that described a narrative of the society of people in before Christ years. I realized how there was a major comparison of people in today’s society that reflected the same prisoner traits as the prisoners that were described in the dialogue. According to the Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave.† It described conditions of people chain ed at birth unable to function as independent individuals that were locked in a protracted dark cave. TheyRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Allegory Of The Cave864 Words   |  4 PagesOn the surface of Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† it is just a simple piece, but the main purpose of the piece is to explain people living in a world of face value and having individuals break free from the main idea to create a new sense of what the world is truly about. In here, Plato uses the writing style of allegory to encompass the use of imagery and symbolism to explain his purpose. He also uses very clever dialogue with constant repetition to represent a bigger idea about the philosophy withRead MoreExplain Platos Allegory Of The Cave1483 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions they raised. For instance, Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is essential for philosophy because it answers the question of why should anyone engage in philosophy. This paper will explain Plato†™s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† in both classical and modern manner as well as suggest philosophical topics for further inquiry. Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is told through the lips of Socrates, Plato’s teacher, to Glaucon, Plato’s brother. Socrates suggests imagining a deep cave having a large room and a steepRead MoreAnalysis of Platos Allegory of the Cave948 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Allegory of the Cave Platos Allegory of the Cave is also termed as the Analogy of the Cave, Platos Cave, or the Parable of the Cave. It was used by the Greek philosopher Plato in his work The Republic to illustrate our nature in its education and want of education. It comprises of a fictional dialogue between Platos teacher Socrates and Platos brother Glaucon. Socrates gives a description of a group of people who spent their lifetime facing a blank wall chained to the wall of a caveRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Allegory Of The Cave1532 Words   |  7 PagesIn the allegory written by Plato titled â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Plato discusses the concept of seeking knowledge and gaining wisdom. He uses a story of prisoners trapped into a cave to represent the confines of reality that humans are put into, and a lone prisoner exiting the cave to represent a philosopher seeking a greater understanding. Plato’s writing tells of the flaw that all humans share, which is the fact that we believe our p erceptions to be the absolute, incontestable truth. It is thisRead MorePlatos Allegory Of The Cave Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is full of meaningful, thought provoking lessons that have been analyzed be scholars and philosophers for years. One of the basic lessons we can draw from it is immaterial truth, or forms. In Plato’s cave scenario, the men who only see shadows have ideas of what they are seeing. They conclude they can see certain things and can name those things. But what they see as an actual object, they are actually just seeing a shadow of the actual object. â€Å"If they discuss thingsRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave and Advertisements1889 Words   |  8 PagesJulian Figueroa (#30973127) 1 An Allegory of Advertisements How does Plato’s allegory influence the way we consume art today? Every minute of every day, millions of people are exposed to advertisements. They plague televisions, streets, radio waves, and all means of communication. These advertisements employ many methods of persuasion and their influence is irresistible. Just like prisoners in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, we are told every day to invest our time and interest into the subjectRead MoreEssay on Platos Allegory of the Cave1315 Words   |  6 Pagescriticized? In Plato’s Allegory of a Cave he describes an example of people conforming to the norm they were born into and then shows the results of a person emerging from this community into a completely new and different world. People today are trapped into conforming to the American way to avoid being chastised but if we all stand up and make our own decisions based on what we want and our own path, eventually individuality will become the social norm. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, the personsRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave3086 Words   |  13 PagesPrompt: Define Plato s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†. What is the central message? Is he describing education alone? Where does politics come in? Plato is known to many as one of the most influential and greatest philosophers to have lived. Plato represents his idea of reality and the truth about what we perceive through one of his famous writings, â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†. The philosophical writing is in the form of an allegory, which is â€Å"a story in which the characters and situations actually represent

The Waiting Room, By Director Peter Nix Essay - 2090 Words

The documentary The Waiting Room is about a safety-net hospital located in Oakland, California. In the film, director Peter Nix follows patients, doctors, and staff throughout a typical day. Furthermore, the film displays how the staff is overworked, and how the American health care system is affecting millions of uninsured patients who try to cope with injury and disease. The film utilizes techniques from the observational mode such as long takes, crisis structure, and documenting unplanned everyday experiences to convey the cruel realities of Americans seeking hope and treatment. The Waiting Room incorporates the observational mode trait of long takes to illustrate the chaos that occurs in the waiting room and behind the scenes of the hospital. Moreover, the long takes in the film provide a bit of each patients’ background story and allows people to express their concerns instead of revealing character individuality, which can help the viewer infer why the health care system in America is failing. The long takes help uncover, â€Å"The body language, and eye contact, the intonation and tone of the voices, the pauses and â€Å"empty† time that gives the encounter the sense of concrete, lived reality† (Nicholas 176), that depicts each patients’ harsh reality of what it is like living with no health insurance. For example, there is a scene where a little girl and her mom follow a nurse into a room, the camera follows them and the viewer can see the crazy amount of working staff. AsShow MoreRelatedThe Waiting Room, By Director Peter Ni x Essay2052 Words   |  9 PagesThe documentary The Waiting Room, is about a safety-net hospital called Highland Hospital located in Oakland, California. In the film, director Peter Nix follows patients, doctors, and staff all throughout a typical day at the hospital. Furthermore, the film displays how the staff is overworked, and how the American health care system is affecting millions of uninsured patients who try to cope with injury and disease. The film utilizes techniques from the observational mode like: long takes, crisisRead MoreThe Waiting Room Presents A Safety Net Hospital Essay2098 Words   |  9 PagesThe documentary The Waiting Room presents a safety-net hospital located in Oakland, California. In the film, director Peter Nix follows patients, doctors, and staff throughout a typical day. Furthermore, the film displays how the staff is overworked, causing an impact regarding how the American health care system is affecting millions of uninsured patients who try to c ope with injury and disease. The film utilizes techniques from the observational mode such as long takes, crisis structure, and documenting

The Person Who Changes My Perception About Writing Free Essays

Alvinston anak Henry Stephen Ms Bobbi Olsen ENGL 150-Writing: Rhetoric The Person who Changes My Perception about Writing Writing is one of the medium that people use to communicate and express their ideas to other people. It has already been used since prehistoric time even though it is just through drawing but it has helped human to understand what has happened during that time and slowly after billions of years we have advanced to this globalized world that enable us to write in many different type of language and present our writing. Nowadays, through writing alone we can earn money. We will write a custom essay sample on The Person Who Changes My Perception About Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, Harry Potter author J. K. Rowling. In just a blink of an eye she became millionaire through her fiction book which has attracted people regardless their age. I learned how to write when I was in kindergarten or pre-school. That time I was around four years old. Everything is so mysterious to me because I was forced to learn a new language that is English. As for me, English is my third language. The process of learning English is really annoying and difficult as I have to memorize and understand the meaning of each word. Moreover, the grammar makes it worse.That time, my brain only can focus on playing and joking around with my childhood friends. No one would care about the importance of writing when they were still a child. That goes the same for me. Luckily at home I have my parents and elder brother that help me with any task that is given by the teacher. Each of them has their own positive impact on my writing. But the person that has the biggest influence on my writing is my English teacher when I was in my primary school. I used to address her as Sister Wee. That is what everyone called her since she is a nun.She is a typical Chinese that have that pairs of famous small Chinese-looking eyes. She taught me English for six years since I was seven until twelve years old. Along that period of time, I have countless of unforgettable memory with her. Sister Wee was forty plus years old when I first met her. She is as fierce as the tiger even though she looked like an angel with her silky white nun habit. Even the car that she drove is white! I guess it is a Chevrolet coupe small model and I used to name it ‘The Unicorn’ because it has one huge antenna attached on the side of its hood.One funny thing about her is that she wears a pair of big spectacles that makes her looked like an old grandma and a nerd which is a hilarious scene for me every day. Her voice when she screams really can break glass into million pieces. The frequency is a bit high compared to an average person when they screamed. But that is good criteria as a teacher that as it makes me more alert in the class as I tend to get sleepy in the class. She was the one that taught me more in depth about writing.Without her guidance I would not be able to write a good essay because through her I learned how to construct a paragraph, what kind of information that I should include in my paragraph and many other knowledge on writing that have been programmed and installed automatically in my brain throughout the years. I really enjoyed the moment when she entered the class and started to speak to the students. Because she was taught by some British nun when she was small, she had that British slang with her. Her strong and thick British accent is the reason why I enjoyed the class. Even sometimes my classmates and I try to imitate the way she speaks. That’s the funniest part since speaking in British accent need time to practice and we tend to make our conversation sounded so wrong. It just sounded like a dog trying to speak to a cat. But, imitating another person action is one of the ways how humans learned a new skill. It is so funny remembering the good old days. She was always into literature. Almost every day during class time she will read out some poem in which I always considered a waste of time as all my classmates tends to get sleepy hearing that unrecognized, complicated and meaningless sentences. Just imagine how a child that is around seven years old can understand such a well-written poem by the infamous William Shakespeare. At that time I hardly can grasp the meaning of the sentence that is being used in poetry, but I know that the writer must be a really remarkable person especially in linguistic as they know how to manipulate and use words differently in their writing. The way how they wrote amazed me even until today. Through that method, she had unconsciously provoked my writing instinct and interest that has been buried and locked within myself.The only thing that I really hate about is the punishment that she gives to students. Every time the students make simple mistakes on grammar or spelling she will pinch their stomach, pull their ears or can them with ‘Rotan’. ‘Rotan’ is a type of climbing palms species that is so durable and elastic that always being used by teacher in my country to punish students. Even I not excluded to get canned by her ‘Rotan’. Even though punishment is made to act as a reminder and to discipline a person but I really don’t agree using brutal force and physical torture will do any good.As a child, being punished really causes psychological effect on me. It makes me really afraid to study under her because always being haunted by the punishment that she will give if I accidently make any mistake in my writing. Despite all that, I still appreciate her guidance as she had taught me so much basic skills that I need to know about writing in English. That is why she is the person that had the most impact and influence on my writing. Her strictness in class is one of the main key points that I would say really had large impact on my writing. I always try to prevent making any stupid mistakes especially on grammar and spelling in my writing to avoid the punishment. I never thought in the end it will produce such a wonderful result on the way how I wrote and expressed my ideas in my writing. She had helped me on how to develop my ideas each time I going to write an essay. That is really crucial as every essay must have a topic sentence and it must be clear so that the reader can know what the writer is writing about. Sister Wee also has makes me love reading. Since small, I extremely hate reading.I always run away every time my parents ask me to sit down and do some reading. But after I entered her class, I found that reading is important because it will help me to improve my grammar and vocabulary. She advised me to read some simple story book and slowly advance to next level. One month after that, I ended up reading a newspaper instead of simple story books. That was a shock event even for me because that time I was only a playful seven years old kid that can perfectly read and pronounce each and every word in the newspaper without making any mistake.Reading has remarkably helped me lot on improving my writing. This is how I improved greatly on my grammar and vocabulary. By reading books, we will unconsciously getting used to the correct way of writing a sentence and we will tend to write in the same manner accordingly to the memory that we had on our reading. Every time I encounter problem on my reading material, I always consulted her and ask about her advice. Other than that, every time I get my assessment paper back after she has graded it, I will surely read all the comment that she wrote about my essay and try o think about my mistakes and what should I do in order to improve my writing. Sometimes, she even talked to me individually about my writing and explains to me more in depth on what I should do to make my essay better and interesting to read by the readers. The way how she spoke and wrote really shows and proved that she had all the criteria that an English teacher should possessed. That is why I always considered her as my icon. One of her meaningful words that until today I still remembered, â€Å"Writing is the most powerful form of communication that we have in this world.We can do a lot of things with our writing. † Now, I really agreed to what she had said back then. It does make sense because writing helps us to communicate with deaf and dumb people. Other than that, writing also one of the tools that nationalist use to provoke nationalism. Just imagine with words alone nationalist can unify all the citizens that comes from different ethnics and religion to fight for independence of their country. Even to the extent of provoking a war! It has never come across my mind that writing has that much of power.Now, the knowledge and ability that I have on writing is basically all being gained from he. She is now almost reaching sixty years old. She currently lives in the convent about one hour drive from my house. I did manage to visit her before I came to United States to further my study. She was a bit shocked when out of a sudden one of her naughty student came and visited her. I chatted with her for few hours about my life and what I have been through all these years. She was really interested looking on how I have been grown up from a naughty boy into a young man.Last piece of advice she gave to me, â€Å"You really make me feel proud as a teacher and don’t ever forget to go to church and pray when you are in difficulty because God is always here with us. † Droplets of tears flows down on my cheek when I walked out of the convent while trying to embrace the advice she had given to me. Nowadays I truly thanked her for all her endless guidance and teaching during my process of learning English. Without her teaching, I would not be able to go this far and writing an essay would be a troublesome task for me. How to cite The Person Who Changes My Perception About Writing, Papers

Strategic Framework of Apple

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Framework of Apple. Answer: Industry Competitors of Apple Apple has direct competition with the Google, Hewlett-Packard, Samsung electronics, and Amazon Inc. Thus, competitive force in the industry is very strong. One of the most important things which make the industry highly competitive is the cost switching by the companies because it doesnt require a substantial investment (Burke, van Stel, Thurik, 2010). Power of Buyers of Apple In case of Apple, the bargaining power of individual is relatively weak because the loss of one buyer is small for the company. So, the combined marketplace bargaining power of buyers can be the strong force for the company. The possibility of mass consumers can be strong force to defeat the competitors (Dobbs, 2014). New Entrants in the Marketplace The new entrants to the market could pressurize the market share of Apple relatively low. The development of new product with innovative RD in the new entrants can be problem for the Apple. So, it is important for the Apple to strengthen the competitive position by developing new products. Power of Suppliers of Apple In the case of Apple, the bargaining power of suppliers is a comparatively weak. There is large figure of suppliers and Apple is free to select the potential suppliers for its products. This strengthens the position of the Apple in negotiating with suppliers (Mozur, 2013). Substitute Products in Market In case of Apple, market force in substitute product is relatively low because the fact is that the substitute products have limited capacity compared to the products of Apple. For example, the landline telephone has less capability compared to the iPhone to make phone calls (Gershon, 2013). References Burke, A., van Stel, A., Thurik, R., (2010). Blue ocean vs. five forces.Harvard Business Review,88(5), 28-29. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porters five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), 32-45. Gershon, R. A., (2013). Digital media innovation and the Apple iPad: Three perspectives on the future of computer tablets and news delivery.Journal of Media Business Studies,10(1), 41-61. Mozur, P. (2013).Apple Faces Dilemma Over Strategy in China.The Wall Street Journal.

Project Report on Apple Inc. Essay Example

Project Report on Apple Inc. Essay I undersigned †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a student of T. Y. B. B. A. , here by declare that the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out under the supervision of prof. Kuldeep Jobanputra of R. P. Bhalodia College, Rajkot. This work has not been previously report submitted to any other university for any other examination. Date: Signature (†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) Place: Rajkot ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 With great experience enthusiasm I have presented my individual report in the T. Y. B. B. A. effectiveness. I convey to my gratitude to University, Mr. Kuldeep Jobanputra for his valuable guidance in the completion of my project report. I am also thankful those persons who help me to compel it. I am hardly thankful to whole Airtel consumers, especially for MR. AJAYBHAI. He has provided me totally information about my report. The Market research reports on Airtel on advertisement Preface 2 In this era of globalization where every minute India is moving a step ahead and expanding it horizontally, management in India is heading towards a profession. The demand for management’s professionals is increasing day by day. In such a competitive surroundings it becomes a requirement to have an edge over others and B. B. A is such a course, which helps and assists students in doing that. The practical studies are treated as a different subject in B. B. A which helps the students in practically applying their theoretical knowledge. It helps us to face competition, builds up our confidence and also add something to our personality. Over and above in this fast moving economy, here practical studies play an important role in our carriers. . 3 IN E DX Sr. no 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. General information articulars Pg. no 5 10 25 42 53 55 57 59 Marketing information Marketing research Research analysis Finding SWOT analysis Suggestion Concussion Bibliography 4 GNRL EEA IN O M T N F R A IO 5 A T LA B IF IR E T R E NAME OF FIRM: YAER OF ESTABISHED: Airtel 1976 ADDRESS: Maitri Communication, Dealer of Airtel, Mavdi Main Road, Opp fire station, Rajkot-30005. [emailprotected] in www. airtel. in E-MAIL:WEB SITE: AW ARDS AND CERTIFICATE: FORM OF ORGANISATION: AWARD FOR 4 YAER (1997 TO 00) BEST CELLULER COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED BRANCHES: SIZE OF THE UNIT: FORM OF ORGANIZATION: We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Apple Inc. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Apple Inc. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Report on Apple Inc. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ALL OVER IN INDIA LARGE SCALE UNIT MULTINATIONAL CO 6 About Bharti Televentures Bharti Tele-Ventures is Indias leading private sector provider of telecommunications services based on an aggregate of approximately 1,932,000 customers comprising of mobile, fixed-line and Internet customers, as of June 30, 2002. Of these, 1,607,000 are mobile customers. The company also provides VSAT, Internet and broadband network solutions. In addition, it offers national long distance services by providing data transmission services and voice transmission services. Bharti Tele-Ventures is a holding company and its operations are segmented into four divisions, operated by wholly owned subsidiaries: Mobile Bharti Cellular, Access Bharti Telenet, Long Distance Bharti Telesonic, Broadband Solutions Bharti Broadband Network. The Company today offers mobile services in Fifteen out of 22 circles in India. As of June 30, 2002, approximately 93% of Indias total number of mobile subscribers resided in BTVLs existing and proposed mobile circles, according to COAI reports. Bharti Tele-Ventures was the first private sector operator to provide fixed-line services in India when it commenced providing services in the Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh circle in June 1998. BTVL recently launched its fixed-line services in the license areas of Haryana, Delhi, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and thus became the first private sector service provider to provide fixed-line services in all its remaining licensed areas. 7 Bharti Tele-Ventures has always believed in creating strong partnerships with its joint venture partners. Today, Singlet and War burg Pincus are its leading partners. The other partners include leading international Insurance. financial investors such as International Finance Corporation, Asian Infrastructure Fund Group and New York Life 8 About Airtel Airtel †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. A vibrant new World of unlimited opportunities, where Air symbolized a word of unlimited freedom to think †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. to dream to achieve, where Tel connotes new innovative yet simple ways to communicate spontaneously, not just through words but through ideas, emotions and feelings. leadership. Airtel comes to you from Bharti Cellular Limited a part of the biggest private integrated telecom conglomerate, Bharti Enterprises. Bharti Enterprises has been at the forefront of technology and has revolutionized telecommunications with its world-class products and services. Established in 1976, Bharti has been a pioneering force in the telecom sector with many firsts and innovations to its credit. Bharti has many joint ventures with world leaders like Singtel (Singapore Telecom); War burg Pincus, USA; Telia, Sweden; Asian infrastructure find, Mauritius; International Finance Corporation, USA and New York Life International, USA. Bharti provides a range of telecom services, which include Cellular, cordless Basic, phones. Internet Apart and from recently being introduced largest National Long of Distance. Bharti also manufactures and exports telephone terminals and the manufacturer telephone instruments in India, it is also the first company to export its products to the USA. Bharti is the leading cellular service provider, with a footprint in 15 states covering all four metros. It has over one million satisfied customers. Together they represent a sensitive contemporary confident symbol for those who believe in true Launching of Airtel in Gujarat Ahmedabad, subsidiary Gujarat. of August 5, 2002: Bharti Cellular Limited, a Bharti Tele-Ventures, Indias leading telecom conglomerate, today announced the launch of Airtel mobile services in Speaking on the occasion Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman and Group Managing Director, Bharti Enterprises said It is my proud privilege to bring Airtel to Gujarat. Today we bri ng to Gujarat a worldclass network and a slew of unique benefits for the first time in India that only a true pan-India mobile player can offer. Mr. Sanjay Kapoor, Executive Director, Bharti Cellular Limited said, Ariel’s entry in Gujarat is a defining event which brings to our customers a bouquet of unique benefits. We are sure our service offerings will further stimulate growth and enhance the quality standards of mobile services in Gujarat. 10 Awards August 7, 2008: Bharti Airtel adjudged the ‘Best cellular services provider’ and ‘Best broadband service provider’ at the 2008 VD 100 Awards. July 11, 2008: Bharti Airtel Limited voted as India’s most innovative company, in a survey conducted by The Wall Street Journal. Bharti Airtel was ranked as the most innovative in responding to customer needs in a survey conducted to determine Asia’s 200 most-admired companies. The Asia Pacific Award for the Most Innovative HR practices-2000 The Golden Peacock National Training Award for excellence in Training practices-2000 The Golden Peacock National Quality Award-2001. June 13, 2008: Sunil Bharti Mittal received U. S. -India Business Councils Global Vision Award. The prestigious award recognizes his entrepreneurial zeal and contribution to Indian business Vision To make mobile communications a way of life and be the customers first choice. Mission We will meet the mobile communication needs of our customers through: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Error- free service delivery Innovative products and services Cost efficiency Unified Messaging Solutions 11 Privacy Policy Airtel values the privacy of information pertaining to its associates. We do not use or disclose information about your individual v isits to our portal or information that you may give us, such as your name, address, email address or telephone number, to any outside sources. We will not use information about you without your permission and will provide the means for you to manage and control the information that you have provided. We will enable you to communicate your privacy concerns to us and that we will respond to them appropriately. We do not disclose any personal information to advertisers and for other marketing and promotional purposes that could be used to personally identify you, such as your password, credit card number and bank account number. The credit card transaction information is protected by the industry standard Secure Socket Layer (SSL). 12 M R E IN AKT G D P R MN EAT E T 13 IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT Marketing is the focus point of all business activities because the objectives of all business enterprise are to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers. Production and purchase has no meaning unless a firm is able to market the goods and services. Nothing happens unless somebody sells something. Marketing is the distinguishing feature of business. A business is essential part from all other human organization by the fact that it markets the product or services. Marketing is the basic operative function of all business firms. It serves on the basis of business planning and generates revenue for the firm. Efficient marketing management is essential for the survival and growth of every enterprise. Marketing is a system of integrated business activities designed to develop marketing plans and programs leading to the satisfaction of customer wants. Marketing department represents an important functional area of business management efforts for the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumers. Marketing department of the Bharti televenture Limited is a crucial part of its organization. The company can achieve its subsidiary objectives along with the primary objectives with the help of marketing department. It not only helps the company to achieve the goals that are directly related to marketing department but 14 also helps in achieving the goals that are related to other departments of the organization. With the help of the marketing department Bharti televenture as a company has not been successful in gaining the sales volume but also earned goodwill for itself. As a result of the efforts made by the marketing department. Bharti televenture is enjoying a prestigious position in the telecom industry. 5 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Organization means it is a group of people working together co-operatively under authority towards achieving goals and objectives that mutually benefits the organization. It may also be said as grouping activities is to be performed. We can also define as establishing relationship for the purpose of handling people to work effectively by main taining horizontal and vertical coordination. Market is related with creation of standard of living. Organization is a form of co-operative efforts. It can be said that marketing organization consists of no. of people with many different position. Take all the things away from me, take my wealth, take my industries, take my land, but with help of my efficient organization I will bring these all back within only 5 years. † Andrew Carnegie 16 DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL Company Distributor Dealer Salesmen Retailer Customer 17 MARKETING MIX Marketing is a comprehensive term; it includes all resources and a set of activities that facilitate the flow of goods services from product to consumers. To plan out marketing activities and to provide better facilities we have to select specific market target in from of market segments or sub division of market. The marketer formulates a combination of a number of devices or types of marketing activities that are co-ordinate into single marketing programmed to reach a particular target or market segment. The combination of those marketing methods or devices is known ad the marketing mix. Product mix Brand Style Colour Design Product line Package Warranty service Price mix pricing pricing policy basic price terms of credit discount allowance Marketing Strategy Marketing mix Focus on the target Market Promotion mix personal selling advertising publicity sales promotion dealers aids consumer aids Place mix distribution channel wholesaler retailer mercantile agents physical distribution transport warehouse inventory 18 COMPETITORS In the fast growing world of technology almost each and every company may be having some or the other competitors. Airtel faces competition from the following competitors in the local market. â€Å"Poor firms ignore their competitors; average firms copy their competitors; winning firms lead their competitors. † Today in this competitive world AIRTEL has got many competitors which are as follows: ? ? ? ? ? VODAFONE IDEA BSNL RELIANCE TATA INDICOM 19 CHARTS SHOWING DIFFERENT ADVERTISING MEDIA PRESS ADVTG. Newspaper Magazines Journals OUTDOOR ADVTG. Posters Boards Electric Display SandwichBoard Business Terms Trains Sky Advertising Others DIRECT MAIL Circular BusinessReply Envelopscards Price List Catalogue Folders Booklets PersonalLetter Others MISC. ADVTG. Radio TV Cinema Slides FairExhibition Loud Speakers Demonstration Posters Telegraph Dept. Others To serve the above-mentioned objective and to obtain the fruits by delivering all the benefits, advertising is the only way to reach the customers at minimum cost and maximum benefits. The company can advertise the products by taking the help of its own advertising department or by advertising agency. The agency’s major role is purchase of media time and space besides it is directly responsible for development of all advertising copy and of the commercial. There are various tools which are used to advertise the product or service like print media, direct mail, outdoor media, broadcast media, transit media and other form like demonstration, exhibition etc. newspaper magazines at national levels and they also advertise on T. V. r different channels ZEE, SONY, DDI, etc. they take the help of advertising agency. AIRTEL advertisement in all leading newspapers likes the Times of India, The Economics Times and they also take the help of transit media. Their theme of advertising is â€Å"Public awareness† which is becoming true because in this competition market. There was a controversy whether advertisement is expenditure or an investment. 20 SALES PROMOTIO N Sales promotion refers to activities other than personal salesmanship, advertising and publicity which stimulate consumers purchasing, dealer effectiveness e. . Display, exhibition and showroom demonstration, free samples, coupons, premiums and various other nonrecurring selling efforts not in the ordinary routine. It is plus ingredient in the marketing mix whereas advertising and personal salesmanship is essential basic ingredients in the marketing mix. SALES PROMOTION (BRIDGE) PERSONAL SELLING ADVERTISING 21 In short, sales promotion is a bridge or connecting link covering the gap between advertising and personal salesmanship the two wings of promotion. 22 M R E IN AKT G RSAC EE R H 23 Introduction to Market Research According to American Marketing Association â€Å"Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services. † Management in any organization needs information in large quantity about potential markets and environmental forces in order to develop successful strategic marketing plans, and to respond to such changes in the market place. A mass of data is available both from external sources and within the firm. This forms a solid platform for a research to take place. Marketing Research includes all the activities that enable an organization, to obtain the information it needs to make decisions about its environment, its marketing mix and its present or potential customers and consumers. More specifically, Market Research is the development, interpretation and communication of decision oriented information to be used in the strategic marketing process. Marketing Research is the systematic design, collection, interpretation and reporting of information for help marketers solve specific marketing problem or to take advantage of marketing opportunities. It is a process of gathering information not currently available to decision makers. Marketing Research is conducted on a specialproject basis, with the research methods, adopted to the problems being studies and to changes in the environment. The Market Research society defines Marketing Research as â€Å"the collection and analysis of data from a sample of individuals or organizations relating to their characteristics, behavior, attitudes opinions or possessions. It includes all forms of marketing and social research such as consumer and industrials surveys psychological investigations, observational and panel studies. 24 Nature of Research The Marketing Research is carried out on Retailers of Airtel Limited is in nature of Applied Marketing Research. The research where the application of all Marketing Concept and Strategies have been put into practice. The nature of research is also Syndicate Research, which can be carried out by anyone, a part from Research Organization. The Res earch has been carried out through the universally favored approach of a personal interview survey. Applied Research is the one, which is carried out by applying all the marketing concepts into a subject that needs to be researched and through this application, the findings are presented in the forms of a report. I am using Applied Marketing Method at there 25 Objectives of Study Any activity done or to be done has certain objective behind it. As project report is a practical subject and also marketing is ever changing so not just depend on books and past data which are available to me, I prefer survey of consumer which is required to know the Buyer Behavior how differ from one shop to another and one consumer to another. The objectives of this survey on Advertising and Brand are: ? To identify the effectiveness of Airtel Advertising. ? To what extent they influence the purchase decision of the customers. ? To identify Brand awareness of Airtel. ? To know the importance of Brand Airtel among consumers. 26 Sample Survey The gathering of primary data through experimentation involves use of sampling, survey method and observations. The survey conducted on Retailers for Hutch Cellular Limited involved a survey based on personal interview. The details of the selected samples for the survey are as under: City chosen for Sample Survey:? Sample size:? Area selected :- Rajkot city 50 samples Kotharya road, Manhar plot, Raiya road, Dhebar road, Palace road, Sardar nagar road, Dr. Yagnik road, 27 MARKET RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Formulation of Research Problem Research Design Determination of Sources of Data Collection of Information Processing and Analysis Present the finding 28 FORMULATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM First step of the marketing research process is the formulation of research problem. Marketing management must be carefully note to define the problem too broadly or too narrowly for the marketing researcher. The marketing manager and the researcher must work closely together to define carefully and agree on the research objectives. The manager’s best understand marketing research and how to obtain the information. In order to avoid waste of time and money it is necessary to define the problem in specific terms. The survey has been undertaken in order to answer some questions like ? Are you like to see advertisement? ? Through which media you came know about it? ? Do you know about the brand ambassador of the Air-tel? ? In your opinion through which media company can get maximum reward? 29 RESEARCH DESIGN The second step of the marketing research process calls for determining the information needed and developing a plan for gathering it efficiently. A research design can be defined as â€Å"The plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control variance. †. Designing a research plan calls for decisions on the data sources, research approaches, research instrument, sampling plan and contact methods. Once it is realized that the secondary data are insufficient, the researcher needs to decide upon one alternative design to collect the primary data. The three basic methods which can be used are: 1. The Observational Method: This method involves direct observation of people and situation through one way mirrors, hidden cameras or disguised observers. Direct observation involves watching actual behavior; indirect observation involves inferring behavior by looking at the result of that behavior. 2. The Experimental Method: The most scientifically valid research is experimental research. The purpose of experimental research is to capture cause-and-effect relationship by eliminating competing explanations of the observed findings. To the extent that the design and execution of the experiment eliminate alternatives hypothesis that might explain the result, research and marketing managers can have confidence in the conclusion. This method however, involves more time and is costly. 30 3. The Survey Method: Surveys are best suited for descriptive research. This method involves learning about people’s knowledge, beliefs, preferences and satisfaction and to measure these magnitudes in the general population. As in observation, survey research can be structured or unstructured. Structured survey use formal lists of question asked of all respondent the same way where as in unstructured researcher use an open format that lets the interviewer probe respondents and guide the interview, depending on their answers. There are three types of surveys namely: ? Telephone Survey ? Mail Survey ? Personal Interview Here, for the survey of retailers of Airtel I have used personal interview method as tool for data collection. 31 DETERMINATION OF SOURCES OF DATA In marketing research literature, there are two types of data: primary data and secondary data. The researcher can gather primary data or secondary or both. . Primary Data: The first hand data collected for a specific purpose or for a specific research project constitutes primary data. When the needed data do not exist or are inaccurate, incomplete or unreliable the researcher collects primary data. Most marketing research projects thus involve some primary data collection. The main primary data sources consist of consumers, dealers, buyers, etc. Consumers and buyers constitute the main source of information in most researches. A buyer may not be the user of the product, although in some cases the consumer and the buyer may be the same person. The normal producer is to interview some people individually or in groups to get on idea of how people feel about the topic in question and then develop a formal research instrument. (a) Survey by Questionnaire. (b) Panel Research. (c) Observation Approach. (d) Experimental Research 2. Secondary Data: Information collected by other organization or individuals which might be relevant to the study constitutes secondary data. Researchers usually start their investigation by examining secondary data to see whether their problem can be partly or wholly solved without collecting costly 2 primary data. Secondary data provides a starting point for research and offer the advantages of low cost and ready availability. (a) Published Survey of Markets. (b) General Library Research. (c) Government Publications and Reports. (d) All Advertising Media (Newspapers, magazines etc. ) (e) Trade Associations. (f) Universities. (g) Internal Sources. 33 COLLECTION OF INFORMATION Marketing researchers have a choice of two main research instruments in collecting primary data: Questionnaire and mechanical devices. Questionnaire: A questionnaire consists of questions presented to the respondents for their answers. Because of its flexibility, the questionnaire is by for the most common instrument used to collect primary data. In preparing a questionnaire, care should be taken in choosing the questions and their form, wording and sequence. The questions included in the questionnaire can be closed end questions prosperity all the possible answers and are easier to tabulate and interpret. Open end questions allow respondents to answer in their own words and they often reveal more as they give an insight into how people think. In my study, the questionnaire contained both open-end and closed-end questions depending upon the type of information to be gathered. Mechanical Device: Mechanical devices are occasionally used in marketing. They are used to measure the interest or emotions aroused by exposure to a specific situation. Sampling plan: After deciding research approach and instruments the marketing researchers must design a sample plan. This calls for three decisions. 34 Sampling Unit: The marketing researcher must define the target population that will be sampled. In my case the target population was the retailers selling sim card of Airtel Limited at Rajkot. Sample Size: Large samples give more reliable results than small samples. However, it is not necessary to sample the entire target population or even a substantial portion to achieve reliable results. In my survey the sample size was 50. Sampling Procedure: To obtain a representative sample a probability sample of the population should be drawn. Probability sampling allows the calculation of confidence limits for sampling errors. When the time and cost are involved the in probability sampling is excessive, marketing researcher will take non-probability samples. The various sampling method are as under: Probability Sampling Simple random sample Stratified random sample Cluster sample Non-probability Sampling convenient sample Judgment sample Quota sample My survey falls under the category of the convenient sample under Non-probability sampling. In this method the researcher is free to select. The respondents are selected on the basis of the being available at the time of survey. 35 INTRODUCTION OF ADVERTISEMENT Companies must do more than make good products-they must inform consumers about product benefits and carefully position products in consumers’ minds. To do this, they must skillfully use the mass-promotion tools. And advertising is the most effective tool. We are in 21st century, where there is cut-throat competition in the market and there are also numbers of Multinational Companies are as well as many MNC’S are coming day by day in our country, by offering world-class technology. It is very easy to enter in the market but very tough to survive or stay in competitive market. According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"Marketing means only create consumers. † But in reality it is too tough, so we must have such planed marketing strategies which catch the consumer once and never allows them to switchover other products. Out of all strategies advertising strategy is very important. Advertiser includes not only business firms, but also charitable organizations or trust, professionals, Government agencies that direct message to target publics. Ads are a cost-effective way to disseminate messages, whether to build brand preference or to educate people to avoid hard drugs. Meaning The term advertising originated from the Latin word â€Å"Adverto† which means to turn around. Thus according to this meaning advertising means an activity employed to draw attention to any object or purpose. Definition â€Å"Advertising is causing to know, to remember to do. 36 Advertising can be defined as mass, paid communication (presentation and promotion) of goods, services or ideas by an identified sponsor. It is paid communication because the advertiser has to pay for the space or time in which his advertisement appears. Advertising appears in recognized media, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, c inema film, outdoor hoardings and posters, direct mail and transit. STRENGTH OF ADVERTISING AS A PROMOTIONAL TOOL Advertising is a major promotion tool. It has the following basic plus points or strength as a promotion tool: 1. It offers planned and controlled message. 2. It can contact and influence numerous people simultaneously, quickly and at a low cost per prospect, hence it is called mass means of communication. 3. It has the ability to deliver message to audience with particular demographic and socio-economic features. 4. It can deliver the same message consistently in a variety of contexts. 5. It can reach prospects that can not be approached by salesmen. 6. It helps to presell goods and pull the buyers to retailers. 7. It offers a wide choice of channels for transmission of such as visual. . It is very useful to create maximum interest and offer adequate knowledge of the new product when the innovation is being introduced in the market. 37 IMPORTANCE OF ADVERTISING Nothing can except the mint can make money without advertising. Mass production and mass distribution totally depend on all forms of advertising and publicity. We can tell numerous people about a product or service in the quickest time i nterval at the lowest possible cost. Advertising by facilitating mass production and mass distribution has provided immense employment opportunities to people. It is responsible for creating and delivering rising standard of living to innumerable people. It has made possible tremendous industrialization and economic development in many countries. It is the backbone of modern national and international marketing. Modern advertising informs guides, educates as well as protects buyers, so that they can buy intelligently and raise their standard of living. In the marketing programme of a business enterprise, advertising is an indispensable tool supplemented by salesmanship and sales promotion. Advertising is to business what steam, electric or nuclear energy (motive power) is to industry. The wheels of industry and commerce cannot move with desirable speed without the propelling power of promotion mix. The advertising purpose and tasks of Airtel are set by marketing plans and strategies. Advertising is the use of paid for, sponsor identified material in mass media. The real purpose of advertising of Airtel is not only one, viz. , to sell something a product, a service, or merely an idea through effective communication. It attempts to stimulate sales to all customers (present, former and future). It has other purposes as well. It is used to reassure buyers that they have really made the best purchase. Thus, advertising of Airtel can build up brand loyalty. It can enhance the morale of the salespeople and dealers thereby securing enthusiastic distribution of products. It is also employed to promote the bright image of the company in the society. 38 SELECTION OF ADVERTISING MEDIA Selection of media is a crucial part of advertising. The steps here are deciding on desired reach, frequency, and impact; choosing among major media types; selecting specific media vehicles; deciding on media timing; and deciding on geographical media allocation. Then the result of these decisions needs to be evaluated. Media are the channel or medium by which advertisement reaches to the consumer. They are called wider and variety vehicles for advertiser for transmission of promotional message. While selecting media the characteristics of target audience is the major factor which decides how to give advertisement. Suppose a company who has target audience related to higher class and upper middle class can go through vehicle like television. The media planner has to know the capacity of the media types to deliver reach frequency, and impact. The major advertising media along with their costs, advantages and limitations should consider. 39 RESEARCH ANALYSIS FINDINGS 40 Are you like to see advertisement? Yes No 46 4 50 45 40 No. of person 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement and 50 out of them 46 are watching the advertisement and only 4 people are not like to watching advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to do any suggestion because most of the people are watching advertisement of Airtel. 41 Have you seen the advertisement of Air-tel? Yes No 45 5 50 45 40 35 No. of people 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 45 are watching the advertisement of Airtel and only 5 people are not aware about the Airtel advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to do any suggestion because most of the people are watching the Airtel advertisement. 42 Through which media you came know about it? Newspaper Hording Television Retailer shop Other sources 20 10 8 10 2 25 20 No. of person 15 Series1 10 5 0 Newspaper Hording Television Retailer shop Other sources Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 20 are watching through Newspaper,10 are watching through hording,8 are watching through television,12 are watching through retailer and remaining are watching through other sources. Suggestion I would like to suggestion to company that they can increase their advertisement in television because maximum people are watching advertisement in television. 43 In advertisements which factor are very attractive? (Rank them) Theam Color combination Brand ambassador Massage Other Factors 2 10 3 24 1 Importent Factores Theam Color combination Brand ambassador Massage Other Factoers Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 12 are saying that Theam is important factors, 10 are saying color combinati on, 3 are saying brand ambassador 24 are saying Massage. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they can Focuses more and more in their advertisement massage and theam because more people are concern with the massage in compare to other. 44 Do you know about the brand ambassador of the Air-tel? Yes No 32 18 35 30 no. of person 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 38 are saying that they know about the brand ambassador of Airtel and only 18 are not know about the brand ambassador of Airtel. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they can show the brand ambassador of company is in maximum time in their advertisement because maximum people can aware about that. 5 Do you get all information through advertisement of Air-tel? Yes No 24 26 26. 5 26 25. 5 25 24. 5 24 23. 5 23 Yes No No. of Person Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 24 are saying that they get all information through Airtel and 26 are say that they are not getting all information through advertisement of Airtel. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they can show the maximum information in their advertisement. 46 Give your opinion about an attractiveness of air-tel advertisement? Excellent Best Good Average 10 15 18 7 Excellent Best Good Average Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 10 are saying that the attractiveness is Excellent,15 are saying that best,18 are saying Good, and 7 are saying Average. Suggestion I would like to suggest to the company that they have increase their attractiveness in their advertisement because give maximum information. 47 Every time company should change their advertisement? Yes No 40 10 50 No. of people 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 40 are saying that company can change their advertisement frequently, and only 10 are say they are not change their advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to suggest to the company because company can change advertisement frequently. 48 In your opinion to gat maximum sale in Air-tel which policy of advertisement should company follow? Introduce new advertisement Change in advertisement Calibrate change Continue with the same 19 16 10 5 Introduce new advertisement Change in advertisement Calibrate change Continue with the same Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have gone through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 40 are saying that company can change their advertisement frequently, and only 10 are saying that they are not changing their advertisement. Suggestion I would not like to suggest to the company because company can change advertisement frequently. 9 In your opinion through which media company can get maximum Newspaper Hording Television Retailer shop Other sources 15 8 10 22 5 reward? 25 No of person 20 15 10 5 0 r H or di ng Te le vi si R on et ai le rs ho O th p er so ur ce s N ew sp ap e Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have went through, all of them are wa tching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 15 are saying that company can get maximum reward throw newapaper,8 are saying throw hording,10 are saying throw Telivision,22 are saying throw Retailer shop. Suggestion 50 I would not like to suggestion to company that people can maximum reward throw the retailer shop so they can give their advertisement in there retailers. Airtel Vodaphone TATA Reliance Idea 13 13 6 8 10 Which company’s advertisement you most like? 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 e el e TA TA ho n nc Ai rt R el ia ap Id e a No. of person Series1 Analysis From the above mentioned graph we can analyze that out of 50 Person which I have went through, all of them are watching the advertisement of Airtel and 50 out of them 13 are saying that they have like a airtle’s advertisement,13 are saying vodaphone,6 saying TATA,8 saying Reliance, 10 saying Idea. Vo d 51 Suggestion I would not like to suggestion to company that they have give more and more advertisement in compare to other company. And get maximum selling in market. FUTURE PLANS FUTURE PLANS As we know that each and every company want to achieve high position in this competitive market. One must decide about future because it is uncertain. 52 So format a future goal and go ahead. Here following are the main future plans of Airtel. ? To increase the market share ? To share maximum market in advertisement ? To provide maximum numbers of satisfied services to their retailers ? Secondly their long term plan is to be consistent in the policy adopted by them for the purpose of outright excellence in their field. Thus Airtel has no plans in particular except to lead the market in the crucial times of Cellular wars, and out rightly exceed the usage of land lines by wireless cellular telephones and maintain their standard of quality coverage. 53 SWOT ANALYSIS 54 SWOT ANALYSIS S W Strength Weaknesses High market share brand image To attract all class of customer Good service will increase the no. of users Emerging Competition like Reliance, TATA, BSNL, VODAFONE, etc. O Opportunities T Threats 55 CONCLUSION 56 CONCLUSION Airtel has good reputation in the market. Objective of survey is to know the advertisement effectiveness. I have already discussed the objects in the survey. The organization has good reputation in the market; however, it requires some efforts to maintain the reputation for the betterment of its future. However, now they are taking reasonable steps to improve its brand name and sales target. Lastly, I can say that Airtel has bright future for the coming years. And I hope this project report will help them taking right decision and fulfill their customer demands. Again, I am thanking to all who directly or indirectly helped me. Wishing Airtel, the best success †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 57 SUGGESTIONS 58 SUGGESTIONS After making a survey in Rajkot on Airtel, I have come to some conclusive suggestions, which are necessary for the company. From my point of view to maintain and improve the market share of Airtel, my main points or suggestions are: ? The company can also takes advantage of reduced taxes and other incentives granted by certain states in India for locating manufacturing facilities in such states and economic zone. ? Most of the retailers of Rajkot dont know about the services provided by Airtel. So company should concentrate on this point and advertise so they attract customers. ? Now a day advertisement is very important role in selling so they can increase their advertisement in all different sectors. So these are my suggestion to Airtel for his better future†¦.. 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY 60 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Marketing Management By PHILIP KOTLER 2. Market Research By LUCK RUBIN 3. Web site www. airtel. in 61 MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT ON Advertising Effectiveness of Air-tel Q1Name: _________________________________________ Q2 Age: ____________________________________ Q3 Gender: Male Female Q4 Occupation: _____________________________ Q5 Contact no: _____________________________ Q6 are you like to see advertisement? (a) Yes (b) No Q7 Have you seen the advertisement of Air-tel? (a) Yes (b) No Q8 if yes, then through which media you came know about it? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Newspaper Hording Television Retail shop Other sources Q9 In advertisements which factor are very attractive? (Rank them) Theam Message Color combination Other factors Brand ambassador Q10 Do you know about the brand ambassador of the Air-tel? 62 (a) Yes (b) No Q11 Do you get all information through advertisement of Air-tel? (a) Yes (b) No Q12 Give your opinion about an attractiveness of air-tel advertisement? Excellent Best Good Average Q13 Every time company should change their advertisement? (a) Yes (b) No Q14 In your opinion to gat maximum sale in Air-tel which policy of advertisement should company follow? (A) Introduce new advertisement (B)Change in advertisement (C) Celebrity change (D) Continue with the same Q15 In your opinion through which media company can get maximum reward? Newspaper Television Hording Others Q16 which company’s advertisement you most like? Why? (A) Air-tel ____________________________________ (B)Vodafone _________________________________ (C)TATA _____________________________________ (D)Reliance _________________________________ (E)Idea ______________________________________ Q17 any, suggestion, if would you like to say for Air-tel? 63 ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ THANK YOU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 64

Jeffersons Pillow essays

Jefferson's Pillow essays Who were the founders of America? When one thinks of the words founding fathers, the first thing that should come to mind are national figures like George Washington, James Madison, George Mason and Thomas Jefferson. Although these men are founders of America, they were also founders of a social institution that would be embedded in American life for hundreds of years. This social institution is otherwise known as slavery. In the book Jeffersons Pillow by Roger Wilkins, Wilkins discusses the real truth about the founders and the founding of the nation. The standard story about the founding of the nation has been told millions of times, but there is always one major part of the story that is left out. The voices that are never heard are the voices of blacks in the society of the new nation. The pages of millions of history books are filled with the success of whites, but there always seem to be blank pages that should contain the story of the contribution of blacks. This fact upsets many blacks today and ultimately results in the death of black patriotism. The idea that blacks never existed is due to the fact that Washington, Madison, Mason, and Jefferson were trying to erase history while they were writing it. In order for blacks to gain patriotism and to understand who we are, we must probe more deeply into who these four [men] were.(Wilkins 10) George Washington is known as the first father of the country, but should really be thought of as the first man to erase the writing on the blackboard. He was a man of many advantages and great success. Washington is always applauded and praised for the work he did for the country, but many do not know or choose to ignore the other side of this man. His other side was faced with a struggle dealing with ideas on slavery. For example, Washington desperately needed men to fight, but refused to let the twenty percent of the black population fight. It is natural ...

Centralizing Ciscos IT Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Centralizing Ciscos IT Planning - Case Study Example Boston thought of fixing already operational data and infrastructure in order to assist the organization waste time and money on new applications. Additionally, achieving a cross-functional IT environment could be impossible to achieve in case teams would be allowed to continue using customized software and tools. The second action by Boston involved prioritizing organizational IT platform projects. A list of â€Å"Inhibitors† was used by each function to assist in selecting vital strategic initiatives. it is noteworthy that this action of Boston guided Cisco identify three vital enterprise projects which include upgrading the Oracle ERP system, establishing an enterprise reporting and business intelligence solution, and developing a â€Å"single source of truth† customer database (â€Å"e-customer†) (Mcafee, Mcfarlan & Wagonfeld 5). The second action of Boston was vital for organization performance in the sense that it reduced minimizing time wasting and confusion associated with the sources of customer data. Boston realized that there were many irrelevant data in the organization that needed to be cleared up (Kharif). Boston’s third initiative focused on developing a new funding process for all the organization’s IT projects. Before Boston took a leadership role in Cisco each function in the organization used to control, their own IT decisions including funding and this system had been an operation for close to a decade. However, Boston thought of centralizing funding system for the IT projects as a bold move towards linking multiple functions together. BPOC was instituted in 2002 as a high-level advisory committee to the organization in respect to matters of enterprise-wide productivity and prioritized organizational issues. Member of the BPOC was drawn from senior executives representing major organization functions.  

Shell Gas Station (Timewise) Compliance Interview and Report Research Paper - 1

Shell Gas Station (Timewise) Compliance Interview and Report Assignment - Research Paper Example That is why I choose this company. There are two main types of laws and regulations that govern Timewise Food Stores in its day to day operations. These are the governmental regulation and company policy. Shell gas station is one of the very vast liability stores that are located in Texas. There is a variety of legal compliance whose adherence is required of the company. There is a legal requirement, professional standards and policies that the company has established for all its outlets in the Texas. The legal requirement includes federal and local county laws that regulate the stores in their daily activities. The most important for Shell store manager is to be aware of any matter related to Tobacco or Alcohol. Federal law requires Shell to sell tobacco to customers over the age of 18 years old and alcohol to over the age of 21 years old. However, each state is free to create its own laws, agencies, and punishments. According to Texas regulation, there is no restriction concerning selling hours or places of sale of Tobacco. However, the violation of term in buying or selling Tobacco to minor is subject to same penalties as alcohol penalties. The laws on alcohol establishments occur under the control of the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission. According to Texas law under Sec. 106.025, first and second offense of minor licensee is considered a class-C misdemeanor which means it only carries a 30-60 days maximum suspension of license and a fine of up to $500.00 along with 8 to 40 hours of community service. However, if the licensee is over 18 years of age, then it usually increased to a class-B misdemeanor, which is 6 months to a full year in jail and a $250 to $2000 fine. An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Sec. 106.071. According to Texas law under Sec. 106.03 a clerk who actually sold

The Chronicle Death Foretold English Literature Essay

The Chronicle Death Foretold English Literature Essay I returned to this forgotten village, trying to put the broken mirror of memory back together from so many scattered shards, summarizes the narrators entire expedition to Sucre trying to unravel an unsolved mystery of the murder of Santiago Nasar. This essay will explore how memories serve as a tool in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Memories seem to be the only source of information for the narrator and are frequently used by Marquez to bring to the reader the plot, albeit in a non-sequential order. Memories not only help in determining a characters perception of events but also create ambiguity. Marquez showcases some memories as contradicting and the others as vaguely similar to what actually happens in the lives of the characters twenty-seven years back. The writer creates a relation between the reader and narrator with the help of first-person narrative; this engages the reader more as he leaves them to decide whose memory should be trusted. One of many words that can be associated with this story is enigma, as a result of Marquezs non-linear narrative. Although the story begins with the revelation of specific memories of the murder such as the time, setting and the victim, the suspense lies in the context why the Vicario brothers kill Nasar. Marquez uses stereotypical techniques that accompany a mystery revealing conflicting memories of different characters at once: It wasnt raining, Pablo Vicario remembered. Just the opposite, Pedro recalled  [2]  . While Victoria Guzman was sure that it had not rained the entire month of February, some others claimed that the weather was funereal  [3]  and a thin drizzle  [4]  was falling. Thus, one cannot effectively visualize the setting of the day Nasar is murdered; these contradicting reminiscences of weather are perhaps intended to create uncertainty. The uncertainty in the recollections of weather not only forebode Santiago Nasars death, but also help the writer in using it as a tool to forebode other impending uncertainties, which are a result of ambiguous memories. This helps the writer in weaving an atmosphere of suspense. The memories of characters effectively bring out the dynamics of relationships in the plot. That the Columbian culture emphasized on strong filial bonds is clearly discerned in Placida Lineros memory of her son: The last image his mother had of him was that of his fleeting passage through the bedroomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as she would remember him forever  [5]  . Her memories reveal the strong tie between Santiago and herself, years after her sons death. Marquez also presents the flipside of filial bonds through Angelas recollection of her relationship with her mother. Angela only recollects the harsh incidents and the severity with which her mother dealt with her when she was returned by Bayardo San Roman for losing her virginity before marriage: The only thing I can remember is that she was holding me by the hair with one hand and beating me with the other with such rage that I thought she was going to kill me  [6]  . Purisima del Carmens vigilant disposition, made Angela subservi ent to her. This reflects on Angelas upbringing, a certain lack of trust, thereby, the dynamics of their relationship. Santiago Nasars character is established through the varied memories of him. The memories of minor characters also add to the multiple perspectives of Nasar and his murder. Flora Miguel said Here you are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦And I hope they kill you!  [7]  . But on the other hand Luisa Santiaga and Yamil Shaium try stopping the murder to save Nasar. With this in mind, he can also be claimed the protagonist of this chronicle, as all memories, either good or bad, are centered around him. The memories of individuals serve different purposes, than when used collectively to discover the truth. Separately, memories add a different angle to the recollection, by including each characters thoughts and feelings. There has never been a death more foretold  [8]  , the narrator remarks during his journey. It can also be inferred that the characters themselves did not remember the event chronologically but rather in bits and pieces. This also refers to the title, as per definition of a chronicle; it is not sequenced chronologically Jointly, memories help the writer to gather all the recollections to narrate an event that takes the reader back in time, to describe events during the wedding: I had a very confused memory of the festival before I decided to rescue it piece by piece from the memory of others  [9]  . Using memory as a motif, the writer also creates literary tension as he tries fitting all these pieces of memory together to present a sensible picture. Memories bring to life the rationale represented by Columbian culture in the eighteenth century. The writers use of memories draws a parallel between the social conventions of that period and those twenty-seven years later. Pablos wife claimed: I never would have married him if he hadnt done what a man should do  [10]  . The importance of family honor and machismo and the correlation between the two remains the same after twenty seven years. Memories therefore play mediator through different time periods by presenting the unchanged social constructs and norms. Using memories, the writer presents elements of magical realism through such instances as the dissection of Santiago Nasars body (It was as if we killed him all over again after he was dead  [11]  ) and the recollection of the priest (the dogs, aroused by the smell of death  [12]  ). These instances add to the uncertainty and create anticipation, as the suspense is revealed slowly. Later in the text, even with the description of Nasars body being cut open and stitched back together, the effect of using magical realism here is to show how Nasars reputation was questioned and how is identity was erased, after his murder. Memories are also used as a cathartic tool to purge the guilt associated with Santiago Nasars murder. The entire community is to blame for it and their memories either come across as excuses or remorse for not informing Santiago that he was in danger. (The) twins declared at the end of the trial that they would have done it again a thousand times over for the same reason  [13]  . This conveys how the brothers attempt to purge themselves of the guilt related with the murder, by convincing themselves more than the narrator or the reader that they are guiltless. We killed him openly, Pedro Vicario said, but were innocent.  [14]  They repeatedly try to justify their act, to escape the guilt and remorse associated with killing a man, whose culpability they are, perhaps, uncertain about. Marquezs portrayal of a mystery catches the attention of the readers instantly. The use of memories is prevalent in different forms and consistent through the entire mystery. Although the investigation has been carried out after so many years, it still gives rise to a few significant questions about. Thus, the reader may question the accuracy of these memories and whether they can actually be of any help in understanding the reasons for death of Santiago Nasar. The answer to this question could probably be traced through the authenticity or reliability of these memories, and the reconstruction of these broken pieces, that Marquez puts together for the reader, as a complete chronicle.

Charles Darwin’s Theory Essay

Charles Darwin contributed to the field of evolutionary biology were: non-constancy of species, branching evolution, occurrence of gradual change in species, and natural selection. Each of his contribution became the foundation of evolutionary biology and can be seen in the wild very commonly. Non-constancy can be observed though variation in the offspring. For example, different sized beaks in finches display variation in the species and therefore, non-constancy. This can cause change in the gene pool of a species over time. Many evidence of branching evolution can be seen in the anatomy of different species like homologies and vestigial structures. In whales, the hip bones are similar to humans which indicates the common ancestry between the two species. Gradual change is displayed by the fossil records of many species. Older fossil records have some small differences from the newer fossil records which can be used to prove gradual change in species over time. These changes occur due to mutation and are picked out by the natural selection. These mutations accumulate over time and cause the species to look drastically different after many decades. Natural Selection picks out individuals better suited for the environment and allows them to reproduce and pass on their gene while unsuited individuals die without passing on their gene. Natural selection occurs every time a predator feeds on the weakest, slowest, worst camaflouged, or most un-adapted prey. This allows the gene pool of the species to evolve and shed off undesired genes. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium assumes that the allele frequency stays constant over time. The equation presumes there is no genetic flow, no mutation, no natural selection, random mating, and a large population. Hardy-Weinberg equation is used as a null hypothesis to determine if evolution is occurring in the species. Punctuated Equilibrium shows a sudden change in a species gene pool usually due to an environmental disaster after a long period of no change in the gene pool. This idea is demonstrated by the rise of mammals and the downfall of reptiles and other organisms. References: Campbell, Neil, and Reece, Jane. AP EDITION BIOLOGY. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005.

New World vs. Old Essay

Global Wine War 2009: New World versus Old 1. How were the French able to dominate the worldwide wine trade for centuries? What sources of competitive advantage did they develop to support their exports? The wine production of France goes all the way back to being part of the first niche market for premium wine. Factor conditions of France, such as land and climate, were well suited for wine-production compared to other European countries. Since the early 19th century cross-border shipping was very expensive, France was able to cluster the related and supporting industries of wine production within their domestic borders. As a result, France increased its competitive advantage throughout other sources without much impact from other countries. As the industry became France’s second largest export, side by side with a culture of rich food, the demand conditions got affected, as consumers were expecting a certain quality. The French government provided the classification systems, which increased the rivalry and domestic competitiveness and raised the entry barriers so that entry of foreign competition was kept at a minimum. 2. Given the longstanding dominance of Old World wine producers, how were the New World producers, such as the Australians, able to expand their market share so rapidly in the 1990s? As postwar increased demand for wine rapidly, factor conditions of the New World producers, such as widely available suitable land and it being less expensive, made it possible to meet the new demand and boosted the New World industry. The new demand conditions demanded higher quality wines and as new generations were born, the consumers got more price-conscious and convenient oriented. New World producers met these changes in demands by introducing a completely new firm strategy, structure, and rivalry compared to the Old World producers, who were constrained by tradition. Innovation was the key word in the New World strategy; suddenly, mechanical technology reduced labor cost and pushed down prices, packaging innovations made distribution easier and provided convenience to the consumers, and technology ensured vintage-to-vintage consistency etc. As well, branding and marketing skills were performed on the basis of vintage-to-vintage consistency, which gave the consumers further preferences and strengthened the position of the New World producers globally. This made them capable at expanding even more rapidly. The New World producers changed the traditional patterns of related and supporting industries, which used to being long value-chains, as the big producers now controlled the full value chain, able to extract margins and control quality at every level. The size now gave them bargaining power – a power, which made them have a strong grip on the importing countries. The New World producers had created a strong innovative company culture; a culture that could easily adapt to the changes of consumer culture and government regulations. New generations were born and so was the rise of fashion in a completely different culture of lighter consumption. The New World producers responded to the swings of fashion by taking advantage of the factor conditions: much capacity and regulatory freedom. This was the complete opposite to what the Old World producers were able to do – still constrained by the long history of wine-making tradition and lack of innovation. By that, the New World producers were always a few steps ahead of the Old World producers when the global patterns changed.